Knowledge Resource - Reports
iFOREST
Bottom-up engagement and a coalition of various stakeholders, including policymakers, public representatives, administrators, industry, unions, and the local community, will be required for just transition planning. A top-down approach is unlikely to be successful. A transition of this magnitude will necessitate the cooperation of all levels of government—the federal, state, and local—in order to develop and implement Just Transition policies and plans, as well as mobilise financial resources.
WEDO
When we speak of a just transition away from fossil fuels, we must challenge new industries to transition away from prevailing power structures and a sexually disaggregated labour force, as well as the role of women's unpaid care work, particularly in developing countries, and women's informal work, both of which subsidise our current economic systems and are financially unrecognised or undervalued. Gender Just Solutions are bottom-up initiatives that promote equal access to benefits, do not burden women, involve multiple benefits, and centre local decision making and the role of women within it.
Srestha Banerjee
,
iFOREST
This discussion paper seeks to define and frame just transition in the context of India. To that end, the paper examines some of the key definitions and conceptual frameworks of just transition, as well as policy frameworks developed by some of the major fossil fuel-dependent countries. Based on the review, and taking into account the socioeconomic and environmental complexities of India's fossil fuel regions, the employees, and the political economy backdrop, the paper proposes how a just transition can be defined, as well as an appropriate approach for framing it in a policy context, while also considerin
Amnesty International India
This report presents the case studies of three states Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Odisha with a background of legislations on coal, forest, and tribal rights. Coal India Limited, and its subsidiaries functioning is analyzed thoroughly to reflect ground reality, making the case for a just transition. International commitments are also highlighted, along with recommendations to make the most effective use of existing framework to resolve human rights violations linked to coal mining.
Keneilwe Ratshomo, Ramaano Nembahe
,
DIRECTORATE: ENERGY DATA COLLECTION, MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
South Africa’s electricity comes from coal, also being a major exporter of coal South Africa has started process of transitioning away from coal. This report gives an informative, yet brief review of South Africa’s coal mining industry, consumption, production, supply chains, along with negative consequences of coal on the environment. The country’s position of just transition is also represented.
Geological Survey of India
This document states information about coal reserves in the country. Three types of coal, prime coking, medium coking, and semi coking, as well as non-coking, and inferred, proved, and indicated figures are presented for India’s coal producing states. Depth range and inventories are given.
Chandra Bhushan, Srestha Banerjee, Shruti Aggarwal
,
iFOREST
This book builds the case for just transition in India with a brief conceptual background of theories and definitions. India’s coal reserves, consequences of their prolonged uses, and alternatives are presented. Case study of Ramgarh is effectively presented to reflect the socio-economic profile of the region, level of dependence on coal, to identify most relevant ways to diversify livelihood sources. A prospective plan for Just transition is presented linked to the existing national policies, and international mechanisms.
Climate Investment Fund
,
Climate Investment Fund
,
Climate Investment Fund
,
10 Sep 2021
India’s energy sector is confronting the potential for deep, and possibly rapid, structural change, particularly in how energy is supplied to meet the country’s rising demand. There are numerous drivers for an accelerated transition away from coal in India: the country’s high vulnerability to climate change; the mounting risks of stranded coal assets; the lower-thanexpected demand for coal-fired power; higher coal transportation costs; along with challenges related to land acquisition for coal mining and power generation. In addition, there is the rise of cheaper renewable energy that comes with
Strambo C, Burton J, Atteridge A
,
Stockholm Environment Institute
,
SEI report
,
27 Feb 2019
This report is based on insights from a workshop held in Tshwane in September 2018, titled “The end of coal? The risks and opportunities facing South Africa’s energy economy”, as well as on interviews conducted between 10 and 19 September 2018 in Gauteng and Mpumalanga with public officials, business associations, civil society organizations and researchers. Participants to the workshop included public officials from national government — such as the departments of Energy, Trade and Industry, Economic Development, and Environmental Affairs — as well as state-owned enterprises Eskom a
Bridle R, Kitson L, Duan H et al.
,
The International Institute for Sustainable Development
30 Jul 2017
The boom and eventual bust of resource-dependent regions has played out across the world many times over the last 50 years. As extractive industries go into decline due to resource exhaustion, competition from elsewhere or changing consumption of energy, demands are made for subsidies to revive the industry and maintain jobs. Concurrently, policy-makers, realizing that the decline of a resource extraction industry will cause social and economic hardship, begin the search for new industries to replace lost jobs and maintain economic development.
Jesse Burton, Tara Caetano, Bryce McCall
,
IDDRI and Climate Strategies
31 Dec 2017
South Africa is highly coal and energy intensive, and has an economy characterized by extremely high levels of inequality and poverty (with more than half of the population living in poverty. In the long run, sustainable growth and development in South Africa will depend crucially on the transition away from a coal-intensive energy system and economy. This study has examined the challenges already facing the coal sector and highlights the risks of a development strategy that continues to rely on the sector for energy security, employment, and growth.
Köberle AC, Shrimali G, Mittal S, Jindal A, Donovan C
,
Centre for Climate Finance & Investment, Imperial College Business School
30 Nov 2020
Technological innovation is driving structural change in the global energy sector. Perhaps most striking is the continuing reduction in the cost of electric power generated from solar photovoltaics (PV). According to the International Energy Agency, solar is “the new king of electricity”, due to the fact that the cost of generation has fallen well below the cost of new fossil-fuel power
Dsouza S, Singhal K
,
National Foundation of India
,
National Foundation of India
,
31 Oct 2021
Coal transitions in India are likely to be a messy and complicated exercise. At a conservative estimate, more than 13 million people are employed in coal mining, transport, power, sponge iron, steel, and bricks sectors. This is more than the population of at least 160 countries around the world, or the population of a country like Zimbabwe. This figure does not include those in the informal sector in coal mining, labour involved in coal imports (at the ports or transport from ports to thermal plants), indirect activities in the iron and steel sector including third party sellers, warehousing staff, iron ore minin
Sartor O
,
IDDRI and Climate Strategies
,
IDDRI
,
31 Aug 2018
The report summarises key findings from case studies in six countries (China, India, Poland, Germany, Australia and South Africa). These explore pathways to implement coal transitions . The study also draws from findings in earlier phases of the project, including global analysis of the impact of coal transitions on steam coal trade and analysis of past coal and industrial transitions in over 10 countries, as well as political economy aspects of coal.
Tongia R and Gross S
,
Brookings Institution
,
Brookings Paper 7
,
28 Feb 2019
Coal provides about half of India’s commercial primary energy supply today and is the dominant fuel for power production in India. In 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi established ambitious goals for renewable energy (RE) development, aiming to quadruple its capacity by 2022. Despite expected growth in RE, we project that coal will remain the dominant fuel for electricity generation in India through 2030 and beyond, even though its share of generation will fall. Although coal will continue to dominate power supply, the coal industry in India faces significant challenges and upcoming change.
Vishwanathan SS, Garg A, Tiwari V
,
IDDRI and Climate Strategies
,
IDDRI Report
,
31 May 2018
Coal meets 30% of the world’s energy needs and generates 41.1% of world’s electricity (WCA, 2016). India is currently the third largest power producer using coal and third largest coal importer in the world. The Indian population is characterized by low levels of consumption of modern energy (880 KWh/capita/year) by international standards. Nevertheless sustaining one of the fastest GDP growth rates in the world currently at above 7% per annum, India is well on track to meeting and may be surpassing its NDC Paris commitments for 33-35% reduction in GHG intensity of its GDP during 2005-2030 (around 25%
Vivan Sharansamir Saran
,
Observer Research Foundation
,
ORF Issue Brief No. 505: 1-19p
,
31 Oct 2021
There are calls for India to declare a net-zero year and offset its carbon emissions by various processes of absorption and removal of greenhouse gases. For India, such calls are irrational; despite international pressure, it has avoided making pledges or setting hard targets beyond its commitments at the Paris climate conference in 2015. This brief argues that “net zero” is not possible with India’s current levels of reliance on coal. Its shift away from this fuel will depend largely on the quantum of additional money and resources that can be invested into alternative energy. However, as globa
